Health Governance (Mains Hub)

Health is a "Global Human Right" and a "National Priority," shifting from "Curative Care" to "Universal Health Coverage" (UHC).

Cue Words	Notes
Analyze the current state and critical crisis of health governance in India (NCDs, OOPE, doctor density).	Epidemiological Shift: NCDs (Diabetes, Heart) now cause ~66% of deaths; "Double Burden" as infectious diseases (TB, Malaria) still persist. Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE): Still ~48%; 6 Cr+ Indians pushed into poverty annually due to medical bills. Doctor Density: Rural-Urban divide remains; 1 doctor per 1k people (WHO) - achieved on paper, but skewed distribution.
Detail the recent policy landmarks (2024-25) in Indian health governance (PM-JAY senior cover, ABDM, TB Mukt Bharat, cervical cancer).	Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY): World's largest insurance; coverage recently extended to **All Senior Citizens (70+)** regardless of income. e-Courts Phase III / e-Health: Using **ABDM** (India Stack) to create digital health IDs for seamless record portability. TB Mukt Bharat: Goal 2025; Ni-kshay portal and nutritional support for patients. Cervical Cancer: Budget 2024 focus on "Universal Vaccination" for girls (9-14 years).
Outline the structural solutions proposed for Indian healthcare (Gati Shakti, One Health) and list Mains keywords.	Gati Shakti in Health: Modernizing pharma-logistics and cold-chains. One Health Approach: Integrating Human, Animal, and Environmental health to prevent Zoonotic pandemics. Key Phrases for Mains: UHC (Universal Health Coverage); Cradle-to-Grave Care; Pharma-SOPs.
Summarize the way forward for human capital development through health governance.	- Health is the "Foundation of Human Capital." Success lies in moving from "Sick-care" (Hospitals) to "Well-care" (HWCs) and "Social Determinants" (Clean water/Sanitation).