Health Governance (Mains Hub)

Health is a "Global Human Right" and a "National Priority," shifting from "Curative Care" to "Universal Health Coverage" (UHC).

Analyze the current state and critical crisis of health governance in India (NCDs, OOPE, doctor density).	- Epidemiological Shift: NCDs (Diabetes, Heart) now cause ~66% of deaths; "Double Burden" as infectious diseases (TB, Malaria) still persist. - Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE): Still ~48%; 6 Cr+ Indians pushed into poverty annually due to medical bills. - Doctor Density: Rural-Urban divide remains; 1 doctor per 1k people (WHO) - achieved on paper, but skewed distribution.
Detail the recent policy landmarks (2024-25) in Indian health governance (PM-JAY senior cover, ABDM, TB Mukt Bharat, cervical cancer).	- Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY): World's largest insurance; coverage recently extended to **All Senior Citizens (70+)** regardless of income. - e-Courts Phase III / e-Health: Using **ABDM** (India Stack) to create digital health IDs for seamless record portability. - TB Mukt Bharat: Goal 2025; Ni-kshay portal and nutritional support for patients. - Cervical Cancer: Budget 2024 focus on "Universal Vaccination" for girls (9-14 years).
Outline the structural solutions proposed for Indian healthcare (Gati Shakti, One Health) and list Mains keywords.	- Gati Shakti in Health: Modernizing pharma-logistics and cold-chains. - One Health Approach: Integrating Human, Animal, and Environmental health to prevent Zoonotic pandemics. Key Phrases for Mains: UHC (Universal Health Coverage); Cradle-to-Grave Care; Pharma-SOPs.
Summarize the way forward for human capital development through health governance.	- Health is the "Foundation of Human Capital." Success lies in moving from "Sick-care" (Hospitals) to "Well-care" (HWCs) and "Social Determinants" (Clean water/Sanitation).