🏛️ Government Schemes Rapid Revision

Based on UPSC PYQ Pattern Analysis + Current Affairs 2023-24 — High-frequency schemes for Prelims

📊 UPSC Scheme Questions Pattern

• Flagship Schemes (PM-KISAN, JAY, PMAY): Frequency: Very High. Priority: 🔴
• Agriculture & Rural Development: Frequency: High. Priority: 🔴
• Health & Social Welfare: Frequency: High. Priority: 🟡
• Environment & Energy: Frequency: Medium. Priority: 🟡
• Infrastructure & Urban: Frequency: Medium. Priority: 🟢
• Education & Skill Development: Frequency: Medium. Priority: 🟢

🌾 AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SCHEMES

PM-KISAN (2019) [PYQ 2020]

• Benefit: ₹6,000/year (3 installments of ₹2,000)
• Eligibility: All landholding farmer families
• Exclusions: Taxpayers, professionals, constitutional posts
• Type: 100% Central Sector Scheme
• DBT: Direct transfer to Aadhaar-linked accounts
• Beneficiaries: 11+ crore farmers

UPSC Trap

PM-KISAN is for ALL farmers (not just small/marginal). Exclusion is income-based (taxpayers), not land-based!

:::

PM Fasal Bima Yojana (2016) [PYQ 2018, 2020]

• Type: Crop Insurance (actuarial premium)

• Premium (Farmer): Kharif: 2%, Rabi: 1.5%, Commercial: 5%

• Coverage: Pre-sowing to post-harvest (14 days)

• Technology: YES-TECH, WINDS, AIDE apps

• Agency: Empanelled insurance companies

• Voluntary: Since Kharif 2020 (earlier mandatory for loanees)

• Covers prevented sowing: ✅

• Covers post-harvest losses: ✅ (up to 14 days)

• Premium more for Kharif than Rabi: ✅

• Mandatory for all farmers: ❌ (Voluntary since 2020)

MSP & Price Assurance Schemes

• MSP: Purpose: Assured prices for 23 crops. Key Fact: CACP recommends, CCEA approves
• PM-AASHA: Purpose: Price assurance for pulses, oilseeds, copra. Key Fact: Market Assurance Scheme (MAS), Price Deficiency Payment (PDP), Pilot Private Procurement (PPP)
• e-NAM: Purpose: Electronic marketing platform. Key Fact: One Nation One Market
• Price Stabilization Fund: Purpose: Buffer stock for pulses, onion. Key Fact: MoCA manages

Soil Health Card [PYQ 2017]

• Parameters Tested: 12 (N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Bo, pH, EC, OC)
• Frequency: Every 2 years
• GPS-based: Soil sampling with grid mapping
• Status: Merged into RKVY

Fisheries - PMMSY (2020)

• Outlay: ₹20,050 crore (5 years)
• Target: Double fish production by 2024-25
• Insurance: Kisan Credit Card for fishers
• Sub-schemes: Matsya Setu app, Seaweed Mission

🏥 HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE SCHEMES

Ayushman Bharat (2018) [PYQ 2019, 2020]

• Health & Wellness Centers (HWCs): 1.5 lakh Sub-Centres + PHCs upgraded
• PM-JAY (Insurance): ₹5 lakh/family/year for hospitalization
• Agency: National Health Authority (NHA)
• Beneficiaries: Bottom 40% (SECC-based)

PM-JAY Key Facts [PYQ 2019]

• Coverage is ₹5 lakh per family per year: ✅
• Only for BPL families: ❌ (Bottom 40%, SECC-based)
• Covers pre-existing diseases: ✅ (No waiting period)
• Cashless treatment in empanelled hospitals: ✅
• Portable across states: ✅

:::

Mission Poshan 2.0 (2021)

• ICDS + POSHAN Abhiyaan + NNM: Integrated nutrition delivery
• Target: Malnutrition-free India
• Approach: Convergence through Anganwadis
• Technology: Poshan Tracker app

Jal Jeevan Mission (2019) [PYQ 2021]

• Target: 55 lpcd Tap water to every rural household

• Deadline: 2024 (Har Ghar Jal)

• Subsumed: National Rural Drinking Water Programme

• Community: Paani Samitis manage village water

• Funding: 90:10 (NE/Himalayan), 50:50 (others)

• Guarantees 100 litres per person: ❌ (55 lpcd)

• Community participation mandatory: ✅ (Paani Samitis)

• Covers urban areas also: ❌ (Rural only; AMRUT for urban)

Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 [PYQ 2017, 2019]

• ODF+ sustainability: Garbage Free Cities
• Solid/Liquid Waste Management: Scientific waste processing
• GOBARDhan (biogas from cattle dung): Faecal Sludge Management

ODF Ladder: ODF → ODF+ → ODF++ → Water+

🏠 HOUSING & URBAN DEVELOPMENT

PMAY (Housing for All) [PYQ 2018, 2020]

• Verticals: BLC, AHP, ISSR, CLSS: ₹1.2 lakh (plains), ₹1.3 lakh (hilly)
• CLSS: Subsidy on home loans: 90:10 funding for NE/special
• Target: 1.2 crore urban houses: Convergence: SBM, PMUY, MGNREGA

AMRUT 2.0

• Target: 100% water supply coverage in 4,700 ULBs
• Focus: Water supply, sewerage, stormwater, greenery
• Recycled water: 20% of water demand target

Smart Cities Mission [PYQ 2016]

• Cities: 100
• Model: Area-based (retrofitting, redevelopment, greenfield) + Pan-city (ICT)
• SPV: Special Purpose Vehicle for implementation

👨‍🌾 RURAL DEVELOPMENT

MGNREGA (2005) [PYQ Multiple Years]

• Guarantee: 100 days unskilled wage employment

• Demand-driven: Work on demand within 15 days

• 1/3rd women: Minimum reservation

• Social Audit: Mandatory by Gram Sabha

• Wages: State-specific, linked to CPI-AL

• Convergence: PMAY-G, JJM, SBM-G

• 150 days for drought areas: ✅ (150 days if notified)

• Only rural areas: ✅

• Unemployment allowance if work not given: ✅

• Skill training provided: ❌ (Unskilled work focus)

DAY-NRLM (Aajeevika) [PYQ 2016]

• Focus: Poverty alleviation through SHGs
• Sub-schemes: MKSP, DDU-GKY, SVEP, RSETIs
• SHG-Bank Linkage: Major component
• Lakhpati Didi: ₹1 lakh+ income for 3 crore women

⚡ ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT

PM Ujjwala Yojana (2016) [PYQ 2017]

• Benefit: Free LPG connection + ₹1,600 subsidy
• Beneficiaries: BPL households (women in name)
• Target: 9.6 crore connections
• Ujjwala 2.0: Extended to migrants without address proof

PM KUSUM (2019)

• A: 10,000 MW solar on barren land
• B: 20 lakh standalone solar pumps
• C: 15 lakh grid-connected pumps
• Subsidy: 60% (30% Central + 30% State)

National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023)

• Target: 5 MMT green hydrogen by 2030
• Outlay: ₹19,744 crore
• Focus: Electrolysers, export hub
• SIGHT: Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition

PM Surya Ghar (2024)

• Target: 1 crore households with rooftop solar
• Subsidy: 40% for up to 3 kW, 20% for 3-10 kW
• Surplus electricity: Sold to DISCOM
• Portal: National portal for applications

Environment Schemes

• CAMPA: Focus: Afforestation. Key Feature: Compensatory fund from diversions
• Green India Mission: Focus: Forest cover. Key Feature: NAPCC mission; 10 million ha
• MISHTI: Focus: Mangroves. Key Feature: Convergence with MGNREGS
• Amrit Dharohar: Focus: Wetlands. Key Feature: Ramsar sites focus
• Mission LiFE: Focus: Lifestyle changes. Key Feature: Circular economy

🎓 EDUCATION & SKILL DEVELOPMENT

NEP 2020 Implementation Schemes

• PM SHRI: 14,500 NEP-aligned schools
• PM USHA: Higher education (replaces RUSA)
• ULLAS: Adult literacy via DIKSHA
• Malaviya Mission: Teacher training
• NIPUN Bharat: Foundational Literacy & Numeracy

Skill India Schemes

• PMKVY: Short-term skilling, certification
• DDU-GKY: Rural youth skilling (under NRLM)
• PM Vishwakarma: 18 traditional crafts; ₹3 lakh loan
• SANKALP: Skill ecosystem strengthening

🏭 INDUSTRY & INFRASTRUCTURE

Make in India / PLI Schemes

• Mobile & Electronics: ₹40,951 crore
• Pharma & Medical Devices: ₹21,940 crore
• Auto & Auto Components: ₹25,938 crore
• Textile: ₹10,683 crore
• Food Processing: ₹10,900 crore
• Solar PV: ₹24,000 crore
• Drones: ₹120 crore
• Total (14 sectors): ₹1.97 lakh crore

Infrastructure Schemes

• PM Gati Shakti: Focus: Multimodal connectivity. Key Feature: 16 ministries' master plan
• NIP: Focus: National Infrastructure Pipeline. Key Feature: ₹111 lakh crore
• Sagarmala: Focus: Port-led development. Key Feature: 3,300+ MMTPA capacity
• Bharatmala: Focus: Highway development. Key Feature: 34,800 km
• UDAN: Focus: Regional air connectivity. Key Feature: ₹2,500 fare cap

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 WOMEN & CHILD WELFARE

Mission Shakti

• Sambal: Safety (OSC, Women Helpline 181)
• Samarthya: Empowerment (Beti Bachao, WDC, Shakti Sadan)

Mission Vatsalya

• Focus: Child protection, welfare
• Act: Juvenile Justice Act implementation
• Services: Child Care Institutions, Adoption

🏛️ TRIBAL & MINORITY WELFARE

PM-JANMAN (2023)

• Beneficiaries: 75 PVTGs (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups)
• Villages: 22,544
• Ministries: 11 ministries' convergence
• Focus: Saturation of basic facilities

Other Tribal Schemes

• EMRS: Eklavya Model Residential Schools (50%+ ST blocks)
• Van Dhan Yojana: MFP value addition
• Tribal Cooperative Marketing (TRIFED): Marketing support

📊 QUICK REVISION TABLE — FLAGSHIP SCHEMES

• PM-KISAN: Year: 2019. Ministry: Agriculture. Key Benefit: ₹6,000/year
• PM-JAY: Year: 2018. Ministry: Health. Key Benefit: ₹5 lakh health cover
• PMAY-G: Year: 2016. Ministry: Rural Dev. Key Benefit: ₹1.2 lakh housing
• PMAY-U: Year: 2015. Ministry: Urban. Key Benefit: Housing subsidy
• JJM: Year: 2019. Ministry: Jal Shakti. Key Benefit: Tap water
• MGNREGA: Year: 2005. Ministry: Rural Dev. Key Benefit: 100 days work
• PMFBY: Year: 2016. Ministry: Agriculture. Key Benefit: Crop insurance
• PM Ujjwala: Year: 2016. Ministry: Petroleum. Key Benefit: Free LPG
• SBM: Year: 2014. Ministry: Various. Key Benefit: Sanitation
• DBT: Year: 2013. Ministry: Finance. Key Benefit: Direct transfer

🧠 COMMON UPSC TRAPS — SCHEMES

• PM-KISAN only for small farmers: For ALL farmers (exclusion is income-based)
• PM-JAY covers all BPL: Based on SECC (bottom 40%), not BPL list
• PMFBY is mandatory: Voluntary since Kharif 2020
• JJM guarantees 100 lpcd: 55 lpcd is the norm
• MGNREGA provides skilled work: Only unskilled manual work
• MSP is legally binding: No law mandates procurement
• AMRUT covers rural areas: Only urban (JJM for rural)
• PLI is subsidy scheme: Incentive based on incremental sales/production

📝 REVISION CHECKLIST

Agriculture

• [ ] PM-KISAN (₹6,000, all farmers)
• [ ] PMFBY (2% Kharif, 1.5% Rabi)
• [ ] PM-AASHA (pulses, oilseeds price support)
• [ ] e-NAM (electronic market)

Health & Rural

• [ ] PM-JAY (₹5 lakh, bottom 40%)
• [ ] JJM (55 lpcd, Paani Samitis)
• [ ] MGNREGA (100 days, social audit)
• [ ] DAY-NRLM (SHGs, Lakhpati Didi)

Energy & Environment

• [ ] PM KUSUM (solar pumps A, B, C)
• [ ] PM Surya Ghar (rooftop solar)
• [ ] Green Hydrogen Mission (5 MMT by 2030)
• [ ] MISHTI (mangroves)

Infrastructure

• [ ] PM Gati Shakti (16 ministries)
• [ ] PLI schemes (14 sectors)
• [ ] Sagarmala, Bharatmala

🎯 EXAM DAY QUICK RECALL

Money: PM-KISAN (₹6K), PM-JAY (₹5L), PMAY-G (₹1.2L), PM Ujjwala (₹1,600) DBT: All flagship schemes use Direct Benefit Transfer Water: JJM (55 lpcd rural), AMRUT (urban), SBM (sanitation) Energy: KUSUM (solar pumps), Green H2 (5 MMT), Surya Ghar (1 Cr rooftops) Latest 2023-24: PM-JANMAN, PM Surya Ghar, PM Vishwakarma, IndiaAI Mission

Enhanced for UPSC Prelims 2025 with current affair updates and PYQ patterns.