Divyangjan: Ensuring Accessible Justice

Ensuring Dignity and Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities (7-10% estimated pop).

What is the paradigm shift in disability inclusion and barrier-free targets under the 12th Five-Year Plan?	- 12th FYP: Disability Inclusion & Barrier-Free Targets (Source: 12th FYP Vol. III / Latest Stats: RPWD Progress Report) The 12th Plan shifted the focus from a "Charity-based Model" to a "Rights-based Model".
What progress indicators and institutional changes were initiated for PWDs under the 12th Plan?	12th Plan Progress Indicators: - Access Audit: Negligible → All Govt Buildings → Sugamya Bharat saturation - Education Quota: 3% → Ensure 3%+ → 5% (RPWD Act 2016) - National Policy: 2006 Policy → New Rights-based Policy → RPWD Act 2016 enacted - UDID Foundation: Central Database → 1.05 Cr+ cards issued Key Institutional Transitions: - Access Audit: The 12th Plan for the first time mandated that 100% of government buildings must undergo an "Access Audit," which directly became the blueprint for Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan. - Mental Health Infrastructure: Target to establish State Institutes of Mental Health (SIMH) in all major states to bridge the geriatric and psychiatric care gap. - Institutional Shift: Recommendation to move the "Department of Disability Affairs" from a minor wing to a major specialized department (achieved in 2012). Key Takeaway: The 12th Plan’s most radical proposal was making 'Universal Design' a prerequisite for all public transport and building projects. It argued that disability is not a medical condition but a result of 'Disabling Environments' that we create.
What core provisions under the RPWD Act 2016 and Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan promote accessibility?	- RPWD Act 2016: expanded from 7 to 21 categories (includes Acid attack, Parkinson’s). - Accessibility: Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan (Accessible India) for transport and digital. - Reservation: 4% for govt jobs and 5% for higher education (RPWD Act 2016). - UDID Project: Unique Disability ID for cross-country validity and streamlined benefits.
Summarize the core premise and key phrases for disability empowerment.	- Success lies in moving from "Sympathy" to "Empathy-Saturated & Barrier-Free-Verified Social Saturation." Mains Keywords RPWD 2016; Sugamya Bharat; UDID; 5% Education Quota; Barrier-Free Environment; Empathy-Saturated.