Global Frameworks: Sendai & SDG Goals

1. THE SENDAI FRAMEWORK PRIORITIES (2015-2030)

Cue Words

Notes

The Four Priorities

**Priority 1 — Understanding Disaster Risk**: Collecting/sharing real-time hydrological and geological data, hazard mapping, vulnerability zonation. **Priority 2 — Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance**: Clear legal mandates, institutional hierarchies (NDMA/SDMA), municipal guidelines. **Priority 3 — Investing in DRR for Resilience**: Structural reinforcements (seawalls, retrofitting) and non-structural tools (disaster insurance pools). **Priority 4 — Enhancing Preparedness & "Build Back Better"**: Recovery/rehabilitation/reconstruction phases designed to be stronger than the pre-disaster state.

> **Summary**: Sendai's shift from response to risk reduction is organised as a sequence — understand risk, govern it, invest against it, then rebuild better — giving countries a common template to benchmark national plans against.

2. INDIA'S ALIGNMENT: NDMP 2019 & THE MIDTERM REVIEW

Cue Words	Notes
National Disaster Management Plan, 2019	India was among the first countries to align national strategy with Sendai via the **National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), 2019**. **Decentralised Mapping** (Priority 1): District-level hazard mapping and early-warning telemetry. **Dedicated Mitigation Funds** (Priority 3): 15th Finance Commission's 20% DRMF carve-out exclusively for structural mitigation. **Community First Responders** (Priorities 2 & 4): Scaling the Aapda Mitra volunteer grid.
Global Midterm Review Findings	The UN's Sendai midterm review (marking the framework's halfway point to 2030) found that India has cut cyclone-related mortality to under 2% over the past decade, while flagging that indirect/cascading economic losses worldwide (~$2.3 Trillion annually) still dwarf reported direct losses (~$202 Billion) — underscoring how underreported disaster costs remain even in relatively well-prepared countries. India has committed roughly $6 Billion for state/local mitigation and $23 Billion for preparedness-response-recovery over 2021-2025, reflecting one of the largest dedicated disaster-financing envelopes among Sendai signatories.

> **Summary**: NDMP 2019 operationalised all four Sendai priorities domestically, and the global midterm review credits India's cyclone-mortality reduction as a Sendai success story — even as the review's core finding, that indirect losses vastly exceed reported direct losses, argues for deeper resilience investment everywhere.

3. INDIA'S GLOBAL RESILIENCE LEADERSHIP

Cue Words	Notes
CDRI & the G20 DRR Working Group	**CDRI (Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure)**: Launched by India at the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit; a global platform sharing technology, risk-assessment models, and standard designs for power, telecom, and transport networks, with special focus on Small Island Developing States. Membership has grown to **39 member states**. Under India's 2023 G20 presidency, members agreed to establish a dedicated **G20 Working Group on Disaster Risk Reduction**, built around five priorities: early warning for all, resilient infrastructure, improved DRR financing, response systems/capacities, and ecosystem-based approaches.
Regional Coordination: SDMC	**SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC)**: Located at Gandhinagar, Gujarat; coordinates regional early-warning transmissions (monsoon, cyclone, flood tracking) across the South Asian subcontinent.

> **Summary**: India has converted its own disaster-response gains into global leadership — CDRI as an infrastructure-resilience platform, the G20 DRR Working Group as a financing-and-governance forum, and SDMC as the operational regional coordination hub.

UPSC Mains PYQs

• Sendai Framework & Indian Policy (2020): "The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) marks a clear shift from disaster response to disaster risk reduction." Analyze the 4 priorities of the Sendai Framework. To what extent has India integrated these priorities into its National Disaster Management Plan? (15 Marks, 250 Words)
• India's Global DRR Leadership: Discuss India's role in shaping global disaster risk reduction architecture through CDRI and the G20 Working Group on Disaster Risk Reduction. (10 Marks, 150 Words)