Irrigation in India
📊 High-Yield Data & Statistical Fact Sheet
| Net Irrigated Area (NIA) | - ~48.8% of Net Sown Area is irrigated (51.2% rainfed). |
| Water Use Efficiency (WUE) | - Stands at ~38% in India (vs 50-60% global benchmark). |
| Groundwater Consumption | - India is the largest consumer of groundwater globally. |
| Wells & Tubewells Share | - Account for ~62% of NIA (UP leads tubewells, MP leads dug wells). |
| Canal Irrigation Share | - Accounts for ~24% of NIA (UP leads total canal length). |
| Tank Irrigation Share | - Accounts for ~2.5% of NIA (Tamil Nadu leads tank irrigation). |
| Minor Irrigation Scale | - Culturable Command Area (CCA) $< 2,000$ Hectares (80% groundwater). |
| Medium Irrigation Scale | - Culturable Command Area (CCA) between $2,000$ and $10,000$ Hectares. |
| Major Irrigation Scale | - Culturable Command Area (CCA) $> 10,000$ Hectares (surface reservoirs/canals). |
1. STRUTTING SOURCES & SYSTEM DYNAMICS
| Sir M. Visvesvaraya Contributions | - Automatic sluice gates, Krishna Raja Sagar Dam, collector well technology. |
| Firuz Shah Tughlaq Canals | - Pioneered early canal building in the Indo-Gangetic doab. |
2. IRRIGATION METHODS & MICRO-IRRIGATION
| Drip Irrigation Tech | - Drop-by-drop direct root zone delivery (efficiency: >90%). |
| Sprinkler Irrigation Tech | - Pressurized spray simulating natural rainfall (ideal for uneven terrain). |
| Fertigation Technique | - Injecting water-soluble fertilizers directly into micro-irrigation systems. |
| PMKSY AIBP Component | - Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme for major/medium projects. |
| PMKSY Har Khet Ko Pani | - Expands physical access to water on farms. |
| PMKSY Per Drop More Crop | - Focuses on micro-irrigation systems (drip/sprinkler). |
| PMKSY Watershed Development | - Soil and moisture conservation, rainwater harvesting. |