Population & Demographics
📊 High-Yield Data & Statistical Fact Sheet
| National TFR (NFHS-5) | - Declined to 2.0 (below replacement rate 2.1). 31 States/UTs achieved TFR $\le 2.1$. |
| Land & Population Ratio | - India hosts ~17.8% of global population on 2.4% of global land area (464 persons/sq km). |
| Dependency Ratio | - Favorable at 49.2 (vs global average 54.36). Senior citizen population ($\ge 60$) projected to reach 20% by 2050. |
| Population Policy 2000 Target | - Targeted population stabilization by 2045. |
1. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
| Demographic Transition Stages | - ``` ┌── Stage I: High Birth Rate & High Death Rate Stages of ├── Stage II: High Birth Rate & Falling Death Rate (Explosion) Demography ├── Stage III: Falling Birth Rate & Low Death Rate └── Stage IV: Low Birth Rate & Low Death Rate (India entering) ``` |
| Expansive Population Pyramid | - Wide base, indicating high birth rates and a young population. |
| Stationary Population Pyramid | - Cylindrical structure, indicating stable birth and death rates. |
| Constrictive Population Pyramid | - Narrow base, indicating declining birth rates and an aging population. |
2. THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND & SKILL DEVELOPMENT
| Demographic Dividend | - Economic growth boost when working-age population (15 to 64 years) outnumbers dependents. |
| NSQF Skill Framework | - Competency-based framework organizing qualifications into 10 levels. |
| PMKVY Skill Scheme | - Flagship skill certification offering short-term training and Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL). |