Subordinate Courts & Special Courts (Articles 233–237)

📊 High-Yield Data & Statistical Fact Sheet

Constitutional Ambit: Regulated under Part VI Chapter VI (Articles 233 to 237).
Administrative Control (Article 235): The High Court holds absolute administrative control over all subordinate courts (governing postings, promotions, grant of leave, and discipline).
Dual Appointment Track:
- District Judges (Article 233): Appointed, posted, and promoted by the State Governor in consultation with the High Court.
- Other Judicial Officers (Article 234): Appointed by the State Governor after consultation with the State Public Service Commission (SPSC) and the High Court.
Family Courts Mandate (Family Courts Act, 1984): Mandatory in all cities or towns with a population exceeding 10 lakhs (1 million).
Gram Nyayalayas (Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008): Mobile courts designed for rural grassroots access. Holds both civil and criminal jurisdiction. Appeals must be disposed of within a strict 6-month time limit from the date of filing.

1. APPOINTMENT ELIGIBILITY & ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL

APPOINTMENT ELIGIBILITY & ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL

Cue Words	Notes
Detail the concepts and significance of I. Qualifications for Appointment as District Judge (Article 233(2)):.	I. Qualifications for Appointment as District Judge (Article 233(2)): Must not already be in the service of the Union or the State Government. Must have been an advocate or a pleader for not less than 7 years. Must be recommended by the High Court for appointment.
Detail the concepts and significance of II. State-Level Judicial Hierarchy:.	II. State-Level Judicial Hierarchy: