Role of Stakeholders & Major Personalities in Freedom Struggle

1. Role of Diverse Stakeholders in Freedom Movement

Cue Words	Notes
Role of Women	Transformed from passive subjects to active freedom fighters under Gandhi's leadership. Swadeshi & NCM: Picketing liquor and foreign cloth shops (Sarojini Naidu, Kasturba Gandhi). Civil Disobedience & Underground Radio: Salt raids at Dharasana (Sarojini Naidu); Usha Mehta operating secret congress radio during Quit India. Revolutionaries & Armed Struggle: Pritilata Waddedar (Chittagong Armoury Raid), Bina Das (shot Governor Jackson), Rani Gaidinliu (Naga revolt), Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan (Rani of Jhansi Regiment, INA).
Role of Capitalists & Working Class	Capitalists (FICCI 1927 - G.D. Birla, Purshottamdas Thakurdas): Supported INC financially, Bombay Plan (1944), but preferred constitutional agitation over radical social revolution. Labour & Communists (AITUC 1920 - Lala Lajpat Rai): Communist Party of India (1925); organized strikes (Bombay Textile Workers); Kanpur & Meerut Conspiracy cases.
Role of Princely States	All India States Peoples' Conference (AISPC / Praja Mandals) fought against autocratic rulers and for integration with British Indian freedom movement.

2. Major Personalities & Comparative Ideologies

Cue Words	Notes
Comparative Ideologies: Gandhi vs Nehru vs Bose	Gandhi vs Nehru: Gandhi favored decentralized village swaraj (Ramrajya), trusteeship, and moral spiritualism; Nehru favored modern industrialization, state-led heavy industry, democratic socialism, and secular rationalism. Gandhi vs Bose: Gandhi emphasized non-violent means (Ahimsa), ethical purity of means; Bose advocated militarized struggle (INA), taking advantage of international crisis (WWII), and state planning. Nehru vs Bose: Both were socialists and youth leaders in 1930s; Nehru preferred working within INC discipline and favored Allied cause against Fascism; Bose created Forward Bloc and sought Axis assistance against British imperialism.
Other Key National Leaders	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: "Iron Man of India". Bardoli Satyagraha (1928); Integration of 565 Princely States via Instrument of Accession; architect of All India Services. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: Crusader against untouchability; founded Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha (1924), Independent Labour Party; Mahad Satyagraha (1927); Chairman of Constitution Drafting Committee. Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Father of Indian Unrest; Ganapati & Shivaji festivals; newspapers Kesari & Mahratta; Home Rule League. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar: Abhinav Bharat (1904); 1857 Revolt termed "First War of Independence"; Hindutva ideology.