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UN Reforms: The Push for 21st Century Reality ​

The United Nations (established 1945) reflects a Post-WWII world order that is increasingly outdated.

1. UNSC Reform ​

UNSC Reform ​

UNSC Reform
Cue WordsNotes
Analyze key facts and concepts related to UNSC Reform.
  • Veto Power: concentrated in the hands of the P5, leading to "Paralysis" in global security.
  • India’s Claim: based on being the world’s largest democracy, a top contributor to UN Peacekeeping, and a major global economy.
  • G4 Bloc: India, Brazil, Germany, and Japan together pushing for permanent seats.
  • C10 (Committee of Ten): 10 African Union states representing "Africa’s Common Position" on reform.
Analyze the 2025-26 UN80 Initiative and UNSC Institutional Facts.
  • UN80 Initiative (2025): Launched by the Secretary-General as the UN marks its 80th anniversary.
  • Aim: Reassert values of multilateralism, streamline operations, and sharpen impact.
  • Three Workstreams:
    1. Identifying efficiencies and improvements in UN operations.
    2. Reviewing the implementation of mandates from Member States.
    3. Examining structural changes and programme realignments.
  • Coordination: UN80 Task Force (Chaired by Under-Secretary-General for Policy).
  • UN Security Council (UNSC) Institutional Facts:
  • Genesis: 1945, established as one of the 6 principal UN organs.
  • Power: Has the power to make binding decisions that states must implement.
  • Reform Process: Requires a UN Charter Amendment (Needs 2/3rd UNGA vote + ratification by ALL 5 permanent members).
  • Opposition Groups: The "Uniting for Consensus" (Coffee Club) coalition specifically opposes the creation of new permanent seats.
  • Non-Permanent Members (2025): Bahrain, Colombia, DRC, Latvia, and Liberia (elected to 2-year terms via secret ballot).
  • ECOSOC (2026-28): India elected under the Asia-Pacific group (alongside China, Lebanon, Turkmenistan).
  • Key Role: Coordinates economic, social, and environmental work of UN bodies.
  • 8 Functional Commissions: Statistical, Population and Development, Social Development, Status of Women, Narcotic Drugs, Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Science and Technology for Development, and the UN Forum on Forests.
  • India's UNHRC Role (2026-2028): India elected for the 7th time (unopposed); focuses on global human rights forums and special procedures.
  • Peacekeeping Ministerial 2025 (Berlin):
  • India's Pledges: 1 Quick Reaction Force (QRF) Company, a Women-led Police Unit, a SWAT unit, and peacekeeping training capacity.
  • Doctrines: Focus on the Capstone Doctrine (guiding principles) and Responsibility to Protect (R2P) (2005 political commitment to end violence).
  • CUNPK: India’s Centre for United Nations Peacekeeping (Indian Army, New Delhi) acts as the focal training point.

2. Conclusion ​

Conclusion ​

Conclusion
Cue WordsNotes
Analyze key facts and concepts related to Conclusion.
  • Success lies in moving from "Exclusion" to "Representation-Saturated & Legitimacy-Verified Global Saturation."

🎯 UPSC Prelims 2026 Questions & Explanations ​

Cue WordsNotes
Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code give...
  • Question 96: Match List I with List II
    and select the answer using the code given below the Lists: List I (UN Peacekeeping Operation) — List II (Period of Operation) A. UNMIL — 1. 2007-2010 B. MINURCAT — 2. 2002-2005 C. MINUSTAH — 3. 2003-2018 D. UNMISET — 4. 2004-2017 Code: A B C D (a) 3412 (b) 3142 (c) 2143 (d) 2413

  • Correct Answer: (D)

  • Key Concepts & Explanation:
  • AIN
    United
    Nation
    s High
    Commi
    ssioner
    for
    Refuge
    es
    (UNHC)
    R)
    UNMIL (United Nations Mission in Liberia) operated from 2003 to 2018 after being established following the Liberian Civil War. Hence A pairs with 3.
    Unconventional.
    DF
    https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/unpeacekeeping
    RR
    MINURCAT (United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad) functioned from 2007 to 2010 to address regional instability and humanitarian concerns in Chad and the Central African Republic. Hence B pairs with 1. MINUSTAH (United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti) operated from 2004 to 2017 to help stabilize Haiti after political unrest. Hence C pairs with 4. UNMISET (United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor) operated from 2002 to 2005 after East Timor's transition to independence. Hence D pairs with 2. Therefore, the correct answer is (b) 3 -1 -4 -2.

  • Year Asked: Prelims 2026

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