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Current Affairs — Ultra-Fast Revision ​

Space, Tech & Emerging Missions ​

ISRO & Space Missions ​

ISRO & Space Missions
Cue WordsNotes
Detail the key assets and landing site of the Chandrayaan-3 mission.Chandrayaan-3 Lunar Mission:
  • Landing Site: Successfully landed on the Lunar South Pole on August 23, named Shiv Shakti Point.
  • Lander Asset: Vikram.
  • Rover Asset: Pragyan.
Outline Aditya-L1 and XPoSat missions.Solar & Cosmic Observatories:
  • Aditya-L1: India's first dedicated space-based solar observatory mission, positioned in a halo orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1), 1.5 million km from Earth.
  • XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite): Launched in January 2024 to study the polarization of cosmic X-rays from sources like black holes, neutron stars, and active galactic nuclei.
  • Gaganyaan: India's upcoming human spaceflight mission to demonstrate low Earth orbit human transit.

Emerging Technology Missions ​

Emerging Technology Missions
Cue WordsNotes
Summarize the budget and goals of the IndiaAI, Quantum, and Semiconductor Missions.National Technology Initiatives:
  • IndiaAI Mission: A ₹10,000 Crore investment to build India's artificial intelligence ecosystem, focusing on creating GPU-based supercomputing infrastructure (10k+ GPUs).
  • National Quantum Mission (NQM): Allocated ₹6,000 Crore to design and develop quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits by 2031.
  • Semiconductor Mission (ISM): A ₹76,000 Crore fiscal incentive program to establish semiconductor fabrication facilities (e.g., Dholera, Gujarat and Morigaon, Assam).
Explain the key penalty provision of the DPDP Act 2023.Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act 2023:
A statutory framework establishing obligations for data fiduciaries and rights for data principals. Introduces heavy financial penalties (up to ₹250 Crores) for failing to prevent personal data breaches or secure data.

Global Relations, Treaties & Environmental Targets ​

Global Summits & Partnerships ​

Global Summits & Partnerships
Cue WordsNotes
Detail the outcomes of the G20 Delhi Summit, BRICS expansion, and COP28.Global Forums:
  • G20 Delhi Summit (2023): Marked the historic inclusion of the African Union (AU) as a permanent G20 member. Theme: Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (One Earth, One Family, One Future).
  • BRICS Expansion: Admitted Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as new permanent members (Argentina declined invitation).
  • COP28 Dubai: Achieved the operationalization of the **Loss & Damage Fund** to support vulnerable nations, and the first global stocktake agreement calling for a transition away from fossil fuels.
What are IPEF, the High Seas Treaty, and the Global Biofuel Alliance?Treaties & Alliances:
  • IPEF (Indo-Pacific Economic Framework): A 14-nation economic initiative led by the US focusing on clean economy, supply chain resilience, and fair trade.
  • High Seas Treaty (BBNJ): An agreement under UNCLOS for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction.
  • Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA): India-led alliance (alongside US and Brazil) to expand global trade and uptake of sustainable biofuels.

Environmental Targets ​

Environmental Targets
Cue WordsNotes
State India's Net Zero year and renewable energy targets.National Ecological Targets:
  • Net Zero Target: India has committed to achieving Net Zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070.
  • Renewable Capacity: Target of reaching 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030.
  • Ramsar Sites: The number of internationally protected wetlands in India has expanded to 85 sites as of late 2024.
Legal Reforms & Significant Judgments
Cue WordsNotes
Name the three new criminal laws replacing British-era codes.Criminal Justice System Overhaul (July 2024):
  • Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS): Replaces the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860.
  • Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS): Replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1898.
  • Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA): Replaces the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
Detail the 106th Amendment Act and recent Supreme Court rulings.Statutory Amendments & Jurisprudence:
  • 106th Constitutional Amendment Act: Enacts the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, reservation of 33% seats for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.
  • Electoral Bonds Judgment: Supreme Court struck down the Electoral Bond Scheme in February 2024, declaring it unconstitutional as a violation of the right to information.
  • Governor's Power Ruling: The SC ruled that Governors cannot use pocket vetoes or sit indefinitely on bills passed by state legislatures, asserting they must return bills if assent is withheld.

Economic Indicators & Schemes ​

Economic Indicators & Schemes
Cue WordsNotes
Detail the fiscal deficit target for FY25, e-Rupee, and PM Surya Ghar.Macroeconomic Profiles:
  • Fiscal Deficit: The Union Budget set a fiscal deficit target of 4.9% of GDP for FY25.
  • Digital Rupee ($e\text{₹}$): The Reserve Bank of India is executing pilot runs for the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) in both retail and wholesale markets.
  • PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana: A rooftop solar scheme targeting the installation of solar panels on 1 Crore households to provide up to 300 units of free electricity monthly.

High-Yield UPSC Revision Pointers

  • Shiv Shakti Point: The landing coordinate site of Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander on the moon.
  • L1 (Lagrange Point 1): The gravitationally stable point in the Earth-Sun system where Aditya-L1 is parked.
  • 85 Ramsar Sites: The current number of designated wetlands of international importance in India.
  • 106th Constitutional Amendment: Codifies the 33% reservation for women in legislative houses.
  • G20 Troika (2024): Formed by India (past presidency), Brazil (current), and South Africa (incoming).

Revision Info ​

Updated for Prelims 2025. This module follows the high-fidelity revision standard of ias.schule.

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